Exploring the direction of reform for Application-oriented universities in the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution
工业4.0背景下应用型大学的教学改革方向探究

摘要

随着工业4.0时代对具有创意性、综合性问题解决能力的人才需求大幅增加，大学的教育内容和教育方式正在发生相应的变化。随着慕课（MOOC）等在线课堂文化产品的发展,大学教育空间正在从线下空间向线上网络空间移动。高等教育由原来的少数人专享的权利变成为一种覆盖范围较广的公共服务。慕课的教育课程模块化、讲座式的授课方式的,使任何人都能脱离以大学校园为基础的学制层面,实现进入以讲座为单位的大学教育体制。然而，随着不同平台间的竞争，课程的制作也不再以教师的教学经验和学生的学习效果最大化为标准，而是像商品一样，通过各种各样的方式吸引学生进行点击，课程难免落入流量化的陷阱。因此,在工业4.0时代,应用型大学要想获得新的生存空间,必须开发并共享利用慕课学习的优秀科目及内容,为扩大其市场而努力。工业4.0时代教育的另一重要特征是终身教育概念的广泛传播，作为一个地区的教育机构，大学对于终身教育的责任和作用正在逐渐加强。因此,大学的终身教育机构应该逐渐强化对相关领域的专业知识的理解和教育能力，拥有以批判性思考、统摄和融合各专业知识的能力为基础的终身教育项目开发能力。

Abstract

As the demand for creative, integrated problem solvers increases dramatically in the 4th Industrial Revolution, the content and delivery of university education is changing accordingly. With the development of online classroom culture products such as MOOC, the university education space is moving from an offline space to an online cyberspace. Higher education is moving from being an exclusive right of the few to a public service with a wider reach. The modular, lecture-based delivery of MOOC allows anyone to move away from the university campus-based level of study and into a lecture-based university education system. However, with competition between different platforms, courses are no longer created based on the teacher's experience and maximizing student learning outcomes, but rather like a commodity that attracts students to click through in a variety of ways, and courses inevitably fall into the trap of being traffic-oriented. Therefore, in order to gain a new existence in the 4th Industrial Revolution, applied universities must develop and share excellent subjects and content that utilize learning, and work towards expanding their market. Another important feature of education in the 4th Industrial Revolution is the widespread dissemination of the concept of lifelong education. As a regional educational institution, the responsibility and role of universities for lifelong education is gradually increasing. Therefore, lifelong education institutions in universities should gradually strengthen their understanding and educational capabilities in the relevant fields of expertise, and have the ability to develop lifelong education program based on critical thinking and the ability to integrate and fuse various areas of expertise.