A study on lexical errors in spoken Chinese among high-level learners based on the corpus of “Informal Talks (Season 9)”
基于《非正式会谈（第九季）》语料的高水平汉语学习者口语词汇偏误研究

摘要

词汇偏误是二语学习者口语产出的常见问题，但现有研究多基于课堂或测试语料，对自然交际语境下高水平学习者的偏误特征关注不足。本文以文化对话类综艺节目《非正式会谈》（第九季）前两期为语料来源，从中筛选出31例口语词汇偏误，以鲁健骥（1994）的偏误四分法为基础，结合语料实际构建“误代、遗漏、误加、错序、其他”五类分析框架，对偏误案例进行描写与分析。研究发现误代偏误占比最高，偏误成因与母语负迁移、目的语规则过度泛化及综艺节目的即兴交际压力密切相关。本研究可为高级阶段口语教学及基于自然语料的偏误研究提供参考。

Abstract

Lexical errors are a common issue in the oral production of second language learners, yet existing research has largely been based on classroom or test corpora, with insufficient attention paid to the characteristics of errors made by advanced learners in natural communicative contexts. This study draws on the first two episodes of the ninth season of the cultural talk show Informal Talks as its data source, identifying 31 instances of oral lexical errors. Based on the four-type error classification proposed by Lu Jianji (1994) and adapted to the actual corpus, an analytical framework comprising five categories— “overrepresentation, omission, overinclusion, misordering, and others” —was constructed to describe and analyze the error cases. It was found that overrepresentation errors accounted for the highest proportion, and the causes of these errors were closely related to negative transfer of the mother tongue, overgeneralization of target language rules, and the communicative pressure of impromptu performances in the variety show. This study provides insights for advanced-stage oral instruction and error research based on natural corpora.