摘要
本文以德国与哈萨克斯坦在职业教育领域的合作项目为研究对象，比较分析GeKaVoC项目与“特里尔手工业协会-阿塔梅肯”（HWK-Atameken）合作项目在机制嵌入与可持续发展方面的差异与互补。研究聚焦标准嵌入、组织嵌入、资金嵌入和能力嵌入四个维度，探讨两项目如何将短期试点成果转化为哈萨克斯坦职业教育体系的长期机制。分析发现：GeKaVoC项目侧重于建立职业教育中心、开发双元制课程标准并寻求纳入国家资格框架，而HWK-Atameken项目注重企业与本地机构的协作，通过导师培训和制度建议加强双元制在地化。两项目在标准对接、组织联结、投入模式和本土师资能力建设方面各有侧重，互为补充。基于此，本文提出对中哈职业教育合作的启示：未来应当在标准、认证、资金等方面构建制度化合作框架，推动从单一项目合作走向体系化构建，以实现职业教育师资培育的本土化和可持续发展。
关键词： 德国-哈萨克斯坦职业教育合作；师资培育；双元制；机制嵌入；可持续发展
Abstract
This paper takes the cooperation projects between Germany and Kazakhstan in the field of vocational education as the research object, and compares and analyzes the differences and complementarities between the GeKaVoC Project and the HWK-Atameken Project (Trier Handwerkskammer-Atameken) in terms of institutional embedding and sustainable development. Focusing on four dimensions—standard embedding, organizational embedding, financial embedding and capacity embedding—the paper explores how the two projects transform their short-term pilot achievements into long-term mechanisms of Kazakhstan's vocational education system. The analysis finds that the GeKaVoC Project focuses on establishing vocational education centers, developing curriculum standards for the dual system and seeking integration into Kazakhstan's national qualification framework, while the HWK-Atameken Project emphasizes collaboration between enterprises and local institutions, and enhances the localization of the dual system through mentor training and institutional recommendations. The two projects have their own focuses and complement each other in terms of standard alignment, organizational connection, investment mode and local vocational education teacher capacity building. Based on the above findings, this paper puts forward enlightenments for China-Kazakhstan cooperation in vocational education: in the future, an institutionalized cooperation framework should be constructed in aspects such as standards, certification and funding to promote the shift from single project cooperation to systematic construction, so as to realize the localization and sustainable development of vocational education teacher training.
Key words： Germany-Kazakhstan vocational education cooperation; Vocational education teacher training; Dual system; Institutional embedding; Sustainable development
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