English education and employment an investigation of their history [Before 1862]
英语教育与就业：来自教育史的考察[1862年以前]

摘要

本文探讨了目前英语教育领域普遍存在着的关于学科存续、降分降课时及其耗时低效、实用性不足的广泛焦虑，对比了普通教育与职业教育中英语教育的角色，并回顾了自1620年以来中国英语教育的历史发展，包括无字书时期（服务于贸易的职业教育）、粤语字书时期（贸易为主的广东十三行通事馆教育）、粤英字书时期（融入普通教育元素，关注文化与贸易）以及多语字书时期（普通教育与职业教育并行发展，教会学校兴起）。研究发现，英语教育起源于职业教育，学用结合有效避免了当前英语学习与就业的矛盾。基于此，本文对1912年以前的英语教育做一个历史性的回顾，探求英语作为一门课程的本质，以揭示目前各种呼声及回应的问题，提出英语教育应融入更多职业教育元素，以解决学用分离导致的就业困难及无用问题。

Abstract

This paper discusses the widespread anxiety about the subject survival, the reduction of grades and classes, the time consuming and inefficient, and the lack of practicability in English education. It contrasts the role of English education in general and vocational education, and reviews the historical development of English education in China since 1620. It includes the period of No-Written-English-Material (vocational education for trade), the period of Cantonese calligraphy (the education of the Thirteen-Hong in Canton, which focuses on trade), the period of Cantonese English calligraphy (incorporating elements of general education and focusing on culture and trade), and the period of multi-language calligraphy (the parallel development of general education and vocational education and the rise of missionary schools). It is found that English education originates from vocational education, and the combination of learning and application effectively avoids the contradiction between current English learning and employment. Based on this, this paper proposes that English education should incorporate more vocational education elements to solve the employment difficulties and uselessness caused by the separation of learning and application.